History 499/599: Alexander the Great, Fall 2004

 

Prof. Michael Dixon                                                                              TuTh 3:00-4:15

Office:  LA 3020                                                                                  LA 1018

Office Phone:  465-1093

Course Web Page:  http://www.usi.edu/libarts/history/mdixon

e-mail:  mdixon@usi.edu

 

Office Hours: M 12:00-1:00, W 1:00-2:00, Tu 9:00-10:00, Th 1:30-2:30 and by appointment.

 

Course Description:

Alexander the Great is one of the most important yet most enigmatic individuals from antiquity.  All of our sources for his life are late and derivative.  The absence of primary sources contemporary with Alexander’s lifetime, therefore, has made historians’ task of understanding Alexander a difficult one.  This problem has resulted in varying interpretations of Alexander from both ancient and modern historians.  He has been interpreted as an enlightened monarch with ideals of unity and brotherhood of mankind as well as a ruthless murderer and terrorist.  We shall examine closely all of the ancient sources for Alexander (literary, epigraphic, numismatic, sculptural, etc.) and attempt to evaluate these interpretations, reconstruct his career and assess its impact. A greater emphasis will be placed upon what we know about Alexander and how, than what Alexander did.  Careful analysis of these sources will allow us to understand better the problems associated with Alexander as well as the diverse opinions about him.  

We shall explore his Macedonian background and the origins of the Persian expedition, his campaign throughout the Persian Empire and India as well as his treatment of the conquered peoples.  Lastly, we shall attempt to understand his plans for administering his empire.    

 

Course Objectives:

Students are required to gain a sophisticated understanding of both the ancient and modern historiographical traditions concerning Alexander the Great.  Students must comprehend Quellenforschung and its value as we attempt to understand better the source tradition for Alexander the Great.  Additionally, students will be expected to evaluate Alexander’s motivations for the conquest of the Persian Empire as well as the major events that led to the creation of his empire.  An intimate familiarity with all of the primary sources for Alexander is obligatory for success in this course.

Since this course is a senior seminar in history, students are expected to employ the skills they have acquired throughout their academic careers.

 

Course Requirements:

Attendance in this class is mandatory.  If a student must miss the class, it is his/her responsibility to notify the professor in advance.  More than two absences during the course of the semester will result in a deduction (one point per class) from the attendance/participation grade.  It is not enough to show up in class.  Students must come to class prepared to discuss the material assigned for that day.  Participation in class is an extremely important component of the course.  Students must write a final paper of no less than twenty pages.  Each student should begin to think as early as possible about the topic of his/her final paper and should discuss possibilities frequently with the professor.  A two-page proposal with bibliography will be due in class during the eighth week of the semester.  The final two weeks of the course will be devoted to presentation of student research.  Each student is required to give a twenty-minute presentation of the results of his/her research and this will be followed by a question and answer session.  The presentations are designed to improve the quality of the final paper and feedback from the professor and other students should be taken very seriously.  In addition to the final paper, students must also complete two short writing assignments.  The first short paper will be a brief analysis (3-4 pages) in which you analyze one event from Alexander’s campaign and elucidate the differences in each of our extant accounts.  The second short paper will be to locate two reviews of books on Alexander (not on the reading list) and write a short summary (2-3 pages) of the authors’ conclusions.  We shall discuss in class each of the two short writing assignments.  Grades will be determined according to the following scale:

Attendance/Participation:          25%

Source Analysis Paper  15%

Book Review Paper                 10%

Proposal/Bibliography   10%

Final Paper                               40%

 

Required Books:

  • Arrian. The Campaigns of Alexander. A. de Selincourt, trans.  Penguin.
  • Quintus Curtius Rufus. The History of Alexander the Great.  J. C. Yardley, trans., with notes by W. Heckel. Penguin.
  • Yardley, J.C. and W. Heckel. 1997. Justin’s Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus. Volume 1, Books 11-12:  Alexander the Great.  Oxford University Press.
  • Bosworth, A.B. 1988. Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great.  Cambridge University Press.
  • Bosworth, A.B. and E. J. Baynham (eds). 2000. Alexander the Great in Fact and Fiction.  Oxford University Press.
  • Holt, F.  2003.  Alexander the Great and the Mystery of the Elephant Medallions.  University of California Press.

 

Additional Primary Sources:

·        Arrian, Indica. [Loeb Classical Library, Arrian, vol. 2].

·        Diodorus Siculus, Book 17.  [Loeb Classical Library].

·        Plutarch.  Life of Alexander.  [Loeb Classical Library].

·        Strabo [Loeb Classical Library].

 

Supplemental Reading:

  • Badian, E. 1958a. “Alexander the Great and the Unity of Mankind,” Historia 7: 425-444. [Reserve]
  • Badian, E. 1958b. “The Eunuch Bagoas: A Study in Method,” Classical Quarterly 8: 144-157. [JSTOR]

·        Badian, E. 1960. “The Death of Parmenio,” Transactions of the American Philological Association 91: 324-338. [JSTOR]

·        Baynham, E. 1998. Alexander the Great. The Unique History of Quintus Curtius Rufus.  University of Michigan Press. [Reserve]

·        Bosworth, A.B. 1988. From Arrian to Alexander: Studies in Historical Interpretation. Oxford University Press. [Reserve]

  • Bosworth, A.B. 1996. Alexander and the East. The Tragedy of Triumph.  Oxford University Press. [Reserve]
  • Carney, E. 2000.  Women and Monarchy in Macedonia. Norman, OK.
  • Hamilton, J.R. 1969. Plutarch, Alexander: A Commentary. Oxford University Press.
  • Heisserer, A.J. 1980. Alexander the Great and the Greeks: The Epigraphic Evidence. Norman, OK. [Reserve]
  • O’Brien, J. 1992. Alexander the Great: The Invisible Enemy.  Routledge. [Reserve]
  • Shahbazi, S. 2003.  “Iranians and Alexander,” American Journal of Ancient History n.s. 2: 5-38. [Reserve]
  • van der Spek, R.J. 2003.  “Darius III, Alexander the Great and Babylonian Scholarship,” Achaemenid History 13: 289-346. [Reserve]

·        Andrew Stewart. 1993.  Faces of Power:  Alexander’s Image and Hellenistic Politics.  University of California Press. [Reserve]

  • Tarn, W.W. 1948. Alexander the Great.  Volume 1:  Narrative and Volume 2: Sources and Studies.  Cambridge University Press. [Reserve]
  • Worthington, I. 2003. Alexander the Great:  A Reader. New York. [Reserve]

 

Grade Scale:

A:         90-100                         C:         70-76

B+:       87-89                           D+:      67-69

B:         80-86                           D:         60-66

C+:      77-79                           F:         59 and below

 

Academic Dishonesty

USI considers academic dishonesty (defined by the Dean of Students as cheating, fabrication, plagiarism, interference with another student’s work, or facilitating academic dishonesty) to be a serious misconduct and subject to disciplinary measures up to and including expulsion from the university. These infractions and the penalties are explained further at the Dean of Students’ website: http://www.usi.edu/stl/section_changes.asp. It is your responsibility to read this site and comply with its requirements.

Plagiarism will not be tolerated.  Students found guilty of plagiarism may be expelled from the University or fail the course.  As stated in the University of Southern Indiana Bulletin (2003-2005, p. 46):

“Plagiarism is literary burglary.  At its worst it involves an outright intent to deceive, to pass off another’s work as a student’s own.  When someone borrows another writer’s words, ideas, or sequence of ideas, the borrower must acknowledge the borrowing, with an attribution and in-text citation.  The only exceptions are information in the public domain (ex. Columbus discovered America in 1492.  Oranges grow on trees.) and opinions within anyone’s range (ex. Hamlet is a great play).  Failure to acknowledge another writer’s work is plagiarism, and plagiarism is a crime.  Some examples of plagiarism are:  repeating another’s work word for word;  putting another’s ideas in someone’s own words and claiming this information as original ideas by failing to identify the source in an in-text citation;  or borrowing other facts, statistics, or illustrative material without giving such credit.  Even the products of electronic and photographic media and art works must be credited.  The University considers plagiarism a form of academic dishonesty, and proof of plagiarism may subject a student or student organization to disciplinary action as outlined in the University of Southern Indiana Student Rights and Responsibilities.”

Students found guilty of academic dishonesty in this course will receive a grade of zero for the paper or examination on which they have violated this policy.  The professor reserves the right to impose a more severe penalty if the student has been found guilty of academic dishonesty previously.

 

Americans with Disabilities Act Compliance

If you have a disability, you are encouraged to register for disability support services in the Counseling Center [Room 1051, Orr Center, (812) 464-1867]. If you require an accommodation, please advise the instructor by the end of the first week of class. You may be required to provide written documentation to support these accommodations. The instructor will work with you to provide reasonable accommodations to ensure that you have a fair opportunity to perform and participate in class.

 

Withdrawal from the Course

If you complete the procedure for a Withdrawal from this class beginning with the first day of the term through the ninth week of the term (August 30–October 29, 2004) you will receive a ‘W’ for the course.  If you complete the procedure for a Withdrawal during the tenth week of class through the last day of classes before the final exam (November 1–December 10, 2004) you will receive the grade ‘W’ if you are passing at the time you drop the course. However, if you are failing at the time you drop the course, you will receive a grade of “F.”

 

Weekly Topics and Reading Assignments

(Unless otherwise instructed, all reading must be completed by the Tuesday of each week).

 

Week One, 31 August-2 September: Introductions

Bosworth 1988: 5-23, 295-300.

 

Week Two, 7-9 September: The Court Tradition

Arrian.  The Campaigns of Alexander, Books 1-3

 

Week Three, 14-16 September: The Court Tradition

Arrian.  The Campaigns of Alexander, Books 4-7

 

Week Four, 21-23 September: The Vulgate Tradition

Q. Curitus Rufus.  The History of Alexander the Great, Summary of lost Books 1 and 2, Books 3-6

 

Week Five, 28-30 September: The Vulgate Tradition

Q. Curtius Rufus.  The History of Alexander the Great, Books 7-10

 

Week Six, 5-7 October: The Vulgate Tradition

Yardley and Heckel 1997. Justin’s Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus,

 

Week Seven, 12-14 October: Epigraphical and other Literary Sources

Heisserer 1980: 8-13, 36-45, 79-81, 118-125, 142-154, 169-173, 182-185, 205-210, 219-229.  [These pages include a number of inscriptions that relate directly to the reign of Alexander the Great.  All are translated into English].

Billows 2000. “Polybius and Alexander Historiography,” in Bosworth and Baynham.

 

Week Eight, 19-21 October: Alexander and Modern Historiography

Tarn 1948: 1.54-55, 62-64, 67, 73-75, 78-83, 111-117, and 137-138.  Some selections from volume 2 will be added later.  [These selections should give you a very clear picture of Tarn’s Alexander].

Badian 1958a; Badian 1958b; Badian 2000.

 

Proposal and Bibliography due 19 October

 

Week Nine, 26-28 October: Alexander and Modern Historiography

Bosworth 1988. Conquest and Empire.

 

Week Ten, 2-4 November: Alexander and the Elephant Medallions

Holt 2003. Alexander the Great and the Mystery of the Elephant Medallions.

 

5 November – Release of “Alexander the Great”

 

Week Eleven, 11 November: Alexander and Modern Historiography

9 November – NO CLASS, Assessment Day

Read the following articles from Alexander the Great in Fact and Fiction:

Flower, Fredricksmeyer, Carney

Week Twelve, 16-18 November: Representations of Alexander

Palagia, “Hephaestion’s Pyre and the Royal Hunt of Alexander,” in Baynham and Bosworth 2000: 167-206.

Stewart 1993: 130-150 (Alexander Mosaic); 270-277 (Tomb II Hunt Scene); 290-306 (Alexander Sarcophagus)

 

Week Thirteen, 23 November: Alexander and Near Eastern Sources

Shahbazi 2003: 5-38

Van der Spek 2003: 289-346.

25 November – NO CLASS, Thanksgiving Recess

 

Week Fourteen, 30 November-2 December

Student Presentations

 

Week Fifteen, 7-9 December

Student Presentations

 

14 December, 3:00-5:00:  Final Examination.  Final Papers due.