Introduction to Music

Opening and Elements, The Middle Ages, Renaissance

Exam Study Guide

 

To prepare for this first test you have been given the following challenges:

  • Read the text.
  • Take notes on the text and lecture
  • Visit and study the websites prescribed in the course calendar.
  • Take notes on the lecture presentations.

 

In order for you to be successful on the first exam you need to know the right questions to ask yourself.  The most difficult task is to know what questions to apply to the listening examples.   What follows here are a few questions for you to consider for each listening examples and then a list of terms from the lectures, text, and web assignments for you to be familiar with.  I will take the majority of my questions from the material listed below.

 

First let’s look at the listening examples.   There are twelve of them.  If you have not listened to them to this point, you have a challenge and time is running short.

We will now go through them and ask questions that you can answer by reading  your text, checking your notes, and listening to the music.

There are general questions that you should ask first.

  1. What am I hearing?
  2. What is the title of this piece?
  3. What instruments/voices are being used?
  4. What is the purpose of this piece?
  5. Does this piece use text and if so, what does the text mean?
  6. How is this piece organized: Form

 

 Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra.

Who wrote this work?

What musical period did he work?

What is the purpose of the work?

Listen to each section and identify what instruments Mr. Britten is emphasizing in those sections.

What form is this work?

 

 Gregorian Chant, Organum, and Motet.

Gregorian Chant: Kyrie

Specifically where does the text come from?

What part of the Mass does this text fit? (proper or ordinary)

What particular date on the religious calendar does this chant get performed?

Is this chant antiphonal or responsorial

Is this chant syllabic, neumatic, or melismatic?

What do the terms above mean?

Does this piece come from the Middle Ages or the Renaissance?

 

Organum: Gaude Maria Virgo

When was this example written?

Where might this example have been written and what is the name of the school that grew out of this tradition?

Who was the famous composer who helped to develop this style?

What musical texture is this piece? Monophonic, polyphonic or homophonic?

In which voice do you find the original chant melody? Upper or Lower?

What is the musical term for the original chant melody?

How far does this example take you through the original text of “Haec Dies?”

What can you surmise about the length of this chant?

Does this piece come from the Middle Ages or the Renaissance?

 

Motet: Acun se sont loe/A Dieu/Super te

What is a motet?

When was this composed?

How many voices are present?

How many texts are present?

What texture is this piece?

Is this a sacred or secular motet?

In which voice do you find the original chant melody?

To whom is this motet’s text dedicated?

Does this piece come from the Middle Ages or the Renaissance?

 

Alleluia: O virga mediatrix: Hildegard Von Bingen

What is the genre of this work?  Mass part, religious play, prayer, motet?

Is this chant syllabic, neumatic, or melismatic?

Does this piece come from the Middle Ages or the Renaissance?

What type of service would this have been used

 

Ce fut en Mai by Moniot D’Arras

Is this a secular or sacred song?

Who would have sung this song?

Where would this song have been sung? (Castle Hall, street, church)

Is this song through composed or strophic?

What is the difference in rhythm between this example and the Gregorian Chant Haec Dies?

What is this song about?

What is the French name for this type of piece?

Where in France would you most likely find this type of piece being performed?

Does this piece come from the Middle Ages or the Renaissance?

 

 Puis qu’en oubli

When was this piece composed?

What genre is this piece?

What “formes fixes” did this work fall under?

What are the ‘formes fixes.”

What is this song about?

Does this piece come from the Middle Ages or the Renaissance?

Does this piece come from the early or late part of its compositional era?

Who wrote this work?

 

 Royal estampie No. 4

What was the purpose for this piece?

What are the instruments that are in your recording? Make sure you view these instrument on our website.

What texture is this piece?

What is a drone?

Does this piece come from the Middle Ages or the Renaissance?

 

 Du Fay: L’homme arme’ Mass Kyrie

Is the Kyrie section of the mass from the proper or the ordinary divisions?

What language is the Kyrie portion of the mass?

What song is the basis of this Mass movement?

What is the name of the “original voice” of such a setting?

What does the text mean in English?

For what purpose was this Mass probably written?

Why are each of the sections of text repeated thrice?

Which of the three sections of this text are considered the most personal plea?

What texture is this piece?

Does this piece come from the Middle Ages or the Renaissance?

 

 Josquin Des Prez: Ave Maria…virgo serena

What is the genre of this work?

Does this piece come from the Middle Ages or the Renaissance?

To whom is this work dedicated?

What texture is this work?

Where during the Mass would this work be performed?

What compositional technique is employed in this work?

What is different in the sound of this work from that of the Dufay Kyrie?

 

 Palestrina Pope Marcellus Mass, Gloria

When was this work published?

Does this piece come from the Middle Ages or the Renaissance

What is notable about the composer?

How many main sections is this text divided?

What is the music texture?

What is the name of the introduction sung by the priest or the cantor?

How many voice parts are written into this piece?

Is this movement a part of the ordinary or proper  of the MASS?

What event in church history elevated this composer’s career?

Where did this composer work?

 

Josquin: Mille regretz

What type of piece is this?

What is this piece based upon?

Describe the texture.

How many voices are present.

 

 

Susato: Pavane: Mille regretz

What instruments are playing here?

What is a Pavane?

How would this piece have been used?

 

Listening Guide 11: Claudio Monteverdi: A un giro sol

When was this work composed?

Does this piece come from the  Middle Ages or the Renaissance?

What is the genre of this piece?

Is this piece secular or sacred?

What is this piece about?

What compositional technique does this composer use to make the text come alive in the music?

What is the texture of this work?

Where would this piece be performed?

 

Listening Guide 12: Farmer: Fair Phyllis

When was this published?

Does this piece come from the Middle Ages or the Renaissance?

What is the genre of this work?

What is the texture of this work?

What is this piece about?

What technique does the composer use to amplify the meaning of certain words?

What words does the composer amplify with music?

Is this piece sacred or secular?

Where would this piece be performed?

 

 

Now that you have answered a few questions about the listening you should consider knowing as much as possible about the following terms?

 

melody
rhythm
harmony
range
shape
conjunct
disjunct
phrase
climax
inconclusive cadence
conclusive cadence
meter
beat
staff
measure
metrical patterns
duple meter
triple meter
quadruple meter
compound relationship
simple relationship
sub-beat
syncopation
polyrhythm
additive meter
non-metric
the rhythm tree (as shown in the appendix of the book)
half note
whole note
quarter note
eighth note
sixteenth note
interval
chord
triad
tonality
major harmony
minor harmony
a tonal
serial music
diatonic
chromatic
consonance
dissonance
monophonic
polyphonic
heterophony
homophonic
counterpoint
imitation
canon
retrograde
retrograde-inversion
inversion
augmentation
diminution
form
ternary
binary
theme and variation
rondo
thematic development
sequence
motive
ostinato
call and response music
grave
largo
adagio
andante
moderato
allegro
presto
molto
meno
poco
non troppo
accelerando
ritardando
a tempo
dynamics
tempo
piano
pianissimo
mezzo piano
forte
fortissimo
mezzo forte

crescendo
decrescendo
pitch
duration
volume
timbre
t
he levels of active listening (this term is "molto importante")
soprano
alto
tenor
bass
woodwind
brass
percussion
strings
all of the instruments of the orchestra listed in your reading

All of the instruments listed on the medieval ages instruments pages
Organ
harpsichord
tracker action organ
chorus
choir
chamber choir
orchestra
wind ensemble
band
jazz band
marching band
musical style
middle ages
Romanesque
gothic
renaissance
baroque
rococo
classical
romantic
post romantic
Kyrie
Gloria
Credo
Sanctus et Benedictus
Agnus Dei
Ordinary of the Mass
Proper of the Mass
The rise of the monasteries
Chanson de Roland
Divine Comedy
Liber Usualis
Divine Offices

Matins
Lauds
Prime
Terce
Sext
None
Vespers
Compline
Gregorian chant
syllabic
Neumatic
melismatic
responsorial chant
antiphonal chant
Organum
Notre Dame organum
discant
clausulae
motet
Leonin
Perotin
Notre Dame
Cantus Firmus
Quadruplum
Triplum
Duplum
Tenor
Bass
Morality Play
Hildegard von Bingen
Jongeleurs
Troubadour
Trouvere
Minnesinger
Alfonso the Wise of Spain
Richard the Lion Hearted
psaltry
dulcimer
vielle
strophic form
Ars Antiqua
Ars Nova
isorhythmic motet
color
talea
carol
rebec
vielle
lute
harp
recorder
shawm
crumhorn
cornetto
sackbutt
slide trumpet
trumpet
organs
clavichord
tabor
tambourine
saltarello
sectional
drone
word painting
mysticism
Dufay
Requiem Mass
Josquin Des Prez
Martin Luther
Giovanni Palestrina
Chanson
Madrigal
Ockeghem
Pavanne

saltarello
goliard
Allemande
Ronde
Musica Transalpina
John Farmer
Test Format:

 

Your test will consist of 50 questions over the Listening Assignments and 50 questions over the Reading, Lectures and Web Assignments.   This test will be a SCANTRON format test.  You will need a No. 2 pencil for this exam.