Biology 2401 Anatomy & Physiology II

LAB EXERCISE 12 
Articulations and Body Movements

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Objectives
The student will be able to:
1.  Describe the structure and mobility of each of the three main types of joints.
2.  Identify the major structural features of a synovial joint and describe the function of each feature.
3.  To identify the six types of synovial joints.
4.  To describe the various types of body movements.
5.  Define sprain, luxation, subluxation, muscle origin and insertion.
Materials
1.  Models of joints located in the laboratory.
2.  Diagrams:
  • Types of joints
  • Structure of a Synovial Joint
  • Types of Synovial Joints
  • Body Movements
Activity  
 
  1. Observe an articulated human skeleton and identify several examples of each of the following types of joints:
     
    Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial
 
  1. Observe a diagram of a synovial joint and identify each of the following features: 
     
    Ligament Joint cavity Articular cartilage
    Fibrous capsule Synovial membrane.  
 
  1. Observe an articulated human skeleton and locate the following types of synovial joints:
Joint Type Location
Plane Joint Carpals, Tarsals, and Vertebrocostal joints
 
Hinge Joint Humerus with Ulna (Elbow)
Femur with Tibia/Fibula (Knee)
Interphalangeal joints
 
Pivot Joint Heads of Radius and Ulna
Atlas and Axis
 
Condyloid Joint Metacarpal bones with phalanx (Knuckles)

 
Saddle Joint Carpal (trapezium) with metacarpal of thumb

 
Ball-and-socket Head of Humerus with Scapula (shoulder)
Head of femur with pelvis (hip)
 
 
  1. Demonstrate each of the following types of movements:
Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction
Rotation Circumduction Pronation Supination
Inversion Eversion Dorsiflexion Plantar Flexion
       
Image Credits  

Benjamin/Cummings Digital Library. Version 2.0.Benjamin Cummings 2001

Quiz		  

Quiz for exercise #12.  This link is only for those  those students whose quizzes are online.  Click on the word Instructions below, to learn how to log onto the quiz site.

Instructions
Links
University of Washington School of Medicine
Outstanding images:  T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance  images  of joints available with clear descriptions.
http://www.rad.washington.edu/anatomy/nlknee1.html

 
The University of Texas at Austin - Dept. of Applied Human Anatomy
http://www.edb.utexas.edu/syllabus/farrar/lectures/joints.html

 
Dr. Dr.Johnson, Centre forHuman Biology
http://www.leeds.ac.uk/chb/lectures/anatomy4.html

 
Gross Anatomy at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
http://anatomy.uams.edu/HTMLpages/anatomyhtml/joints_alpha.html

 
Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. III.
http://www.bartleby.com/107/70.html

 
Nice descriptive site with great pictures; source cannot be identified.
http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/SCI_ED/grade10/manphys/joints.htm

 

This exercise authored by:
Mari K. Hopper, Ph.D.; Dept. of Sciences, Palo Alto College
Copyright © 2003
Please submit questions and comments to:   mhopper@accd.edu